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Romans in Slovakia is related to the short-term occupation by Roman legions of western areas of what is today Slovakia.〔(Frontier of the Roman Empire in Slovakia )〕 ''Marcomannia'' was a proposed province of the Roman Empire that Marcus Aurelius planned to establish in this territory. It was inhabited by the Germanic tribes of Marcomanni and Quadi, and lay in the western part of what are today Slovakia and Moravia. Part of the area was occupied by the Romans under Marcus Aurelius between 174 AD and 180 AD. His successors abandoned the project, but the people of the area became steadily Romanized during the next two centuries. The Roman influence was disrupted with the invasions of Attila starting around 434 AD and as Slavic people later began to move into the area. ==Characteristics== After the creation of the fortified ''limes'' on the Danube river, the Roman Empire tried to expand in central Europe, mainly during the emperor Marcus Aurelius's rule in the second century. It was an initiative that resulted in an ephemeral conquest of the Germanic tribes living in present-day western Slovakia, the Quadi and the Marcomanni, during the so-called Marcomannic Wars. Under Augustus, the Romans and their armies initially occupied only a thin strip of the right bank of the Danube and a very small part of south-western Slovakia (Celemantia, Gerulata, Devín Castle). Tiberius wanted to conquer all Germania up to the Elbe river and in 6 AD dispatched a military expedition from the fort of Carnuntum to Mušov and beyond,〔(Roman army in the Czech Republic (in Czech) )〕 but was forced to stop the conquest because of a revolt in Pannonia. Only in 174 AD did the emperor Marcus Aurelius penetrate deeper into the river valleys of the Váh, Nitra and Hron, where there are some Roman marching camps like Laugaricio.〔(Map with Roman fortifications (in german) )〕 On the banks of the Hron he wrote his philosophical work ''Meditations'' The small Roman forts of Zavod and Suchohrad on the Morava river show an intention of penetrating toward northern Bohemia-Moravia〔(Roman marching camps in Bohemia-Moravia )〕 and the Oder river (and perhaps southern Poland 〔(Marching or temporary camps of Roman troops in western Slovakia and eastern Moravia )〕). The latest archaeological discoveries which have located new Roman enclosures in the surroundings of Brno led to the conclusion that the advance of Roman troops from Carnumtum could have run further to the north-east, into the region of the Polish-Slovakian border. Indeed, recent archaeological excavations and aerial surveying have shown further locations in northeast Moravia: three temporary Roman camps (possibly connected to the Laugaricio fort) situated in the foreland of the so-called ''Moravian Gate'' (Olomouc-Neředín, Hulín-Pravčice, Osek) have been partly corroborated, the former two clearly by digging.〔(Moravian Gate Map )〕 Marcus Aurelius wanted to create a new Roman province called ''Marcomannia'' in those conquered territories, but his death put an end to the project. His successors abandoned these territories, but – with the exception of Valentinian I – maintained a relatively friendly relationship with the barbarians living there (who enjoyed a degree of "cultural Romanization" that can be seen in some buildings around present-day Bratislava in Stupava〔(Stupava (in Slovakian) )〕). Indeed, the Romanization of the barbarian population continued into the late Roman period (181-380 AD). Many Roman buildings (with plenty of trade evidence of Roman civilization) appeared on the territory of south-western Slovakia (Bratislava - Dúbravka, Cífer - Pác, Veľký Kýr〔(Terra sigillata )〕) in the relatively peaceful period of the 3rd and 4th centuries. These were probably residences of the pro-Roman Quadian (and maybe Marcomannic) aristocracy. Romans in the late fourth century were able to bring Christianity into the area: the Germanic population of the Marcomanni converted when Fritigil, their queen, met a Christian traveller from the Roman Empire shortly before 397 AD. He talked to her of Ambrose, the formidable bishop of Milan (Italy). Impressed by what she heard, the queen converted to Christianity.〔Mócsy 1974, p. 345.〕〔Todd 2004, p. 119.〕 In the Roman ruins of Devín Castle, the first Christian church located north of the Danube has been identified, probably built in the early fifth century. A few years later Attila devastated the area and started the mass migrations that destroyed the Western Roman Empire. Meanwhile the area was beginning to be occupied by Slavic tribes. Indeed the first written source suggesting that Slavic tribes established themselves in what is now Slovakia is connected to the migration of the Germanic Heruli from the Middle Danube region towards Scandinavia in 512.〔Heather 2010, pp. 407-408.〕〔Barford 2001, p. 53.〕 In that year, according to Procopius, they first passed "through the land of the Slavs", most probably along the river Morava.〔Heather 2010, p. 408.〕 A cluster of archaeological sites in the valleys of the rivers Morava, Váh and Hron also suggests that at the latest the earliest Slavic settlements appeared in the territory around 500 AD.〔Heather 2010, pp. 409-410.〕〔Barford 2001, p. 54.〕 They are characterized by vessels similar to those of the "Mogiła" group of southern Poland and having analogies in the "Korchak" pottery of Ukraine.〔Barford 2001, pp. 53-54.〕 In those same years the Roman presence disappeared from the area of Danubian ''limes'', but there is a remote possibility that Romans and those early Slavic tribes (who were the first "Slovakians") interacted commercially. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Romans in Slovakia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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